Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss, particularly in older adults with research indicating that over 1.4 million Americans experience vision loss because of macular degeneration. However, not all cases of macular degeneration are the same—there are two main types: dry (atrophic) and wet (neovascular) macular degeneration. Understanding the differences between them is essential for early detection and effective management.
At Oakbrook Optical Eyecare in Oak Brook, we provide comprehensive eye exams and personalized care to help patients recognize symptoms and take proactive steps toward protecting their vision.
Dry vs. Wet Macular Degeneration: Key Differences
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. While both dry and wet AMD can cause vision loss, they develop differently and require different approaches to management.
What Is Dry Macular Degeneration?
Studies show that dry AMD is the more common form, affecting approximately 85-90% of macular degeneration patients. It occurs when the macula gradually thins over time and small deposits called drusen accumulate under the retina.
Symptoms of Dry AMD:
- Blurred or fuzzy vision
- Difficulty recognizing faces
- A need for brighter light when reading
- Colors appearing less vibrant
- Slow progression of vision loss
Dry AMD develops gradually over time, making regular comprehensive eye exams essential for early detection.
What Is Wet Macular Degeneration?
Wet AMD is less common (10-15% of AMD cases) but is responsible for the majority of severe vision loss associated with macular degeneration. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina, leaking fluid and causing rapid damage to the macula.
Symptoms of Wet AMD:
- Sudden and severe central vision loss
- Distorted vision, with straight lines appearing wavy
- Dark spots or blind spots in central vision
- Decreased brightness or intensity of colors
Wet AMD progresses quickly, so early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to preserving vision.
Comparison Chart: Dry vs. Wet AMD
| Feature | Dry AMD | Wet AMD |
| Prevalence | 85-90% of AMD cases | 10-15% of AMD cases |
| Progression | Slow, gradual vision loss | Rapid, severe vision loss |
| Cause | Thinning of the macula and drusen buildup | Abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage |
| Symptoms | Blurry vision, difficulty reading, color dullness | Sudden distortion, blind spots, rapid vision loss |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, eye health supplements, monitoring | Anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy |
Why Early Detection Matters
Both dry and wet AMD can lead to vision loss, but early diagnosis allows for better management and treatment options. Routine eye exams can help detect early signs of macular degeneration before symptoms become severe. Should you find yourself with a late-stage diagnosis, we’re here to provide you with personalized ocular disease management to help you preserve your vision for the future.
For Dry AMD: Monitoring and nutritional supplements may help slow progression. For Wet AMD: Anti-VEGF injections can help slow or stop vision loss.
Protect Your Vision—Schedule an Eye Exam Today
Macular degeneration can affect your quality of life, but early intervention makes a difference.
Understand the signs early—consult with our experts at Oakbrook Optical Eyecare in Oak Brook and schedule a comprehensive eye exam here.